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 Wysłany: Pi± 22:34, 08 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: Separation of corporate accounting and income tax |
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Separation of corporate accounting and income tax effect of organic
Key words Accounting Standards; income tax; separation
【Abstract】 In order to improve the quality of accounting information and accounting systems to ensure effective reform, proper separation between the two is necessary. Ever since the modern income tax, after being elected, corporate accounting and its increasingly close relationship of mutual promotion and mutual influence, but as two separate areas of the economy, the difference is very obvious.
closely related to corporate accounting and income tax though, but because there are many differences between the two, it is difficult for all tax-related matters in the long go hand in hand and harmony. To be consistent, can only reduce the associated cost accounting, but not in compliance with the direction and objectives of accounting. Therefore, the optimal choice is adequate, appropriate separation, each perfect.
First, differences in corporate accounting and income tax generated
since the modern income tax, the accounting standards and tax laws and the growing ties between the mutual promotion and mutual influence, but the differences between the two very clear, mainly as:
(a) the difference in target
tax is a fundamental guarantee of national tax revenue, and accounting standards is to ensure that the generated real reliable accounting information, which determines the difference between tax and accounting necessity.
1. according to different work. Tax based on fair taxation, to facilitate collection and management principles, imposed under the country's need to establish the scope of the alternative accounting method must be constrained and controlled to ensure the country's fiscal revenue; and financial accounting is in accordance with accounting standards and all and creditors and other persons required, mainly reflecting the company's profitability and solvency, reflecting the taxpayer's total profits of a period, after-tax net income, earnings per share and so on.
2. different starting point. Accounting standards and tax laws belong to different systems, they serve the object and purpose is different. The goal is timely tax laws and fair tax levy to serve the national interest as the main starting point, according to the national need to exercise their political rights, tax laws and mandatory for its legitimacy as its main feature and to determine taxable income to the normal functioning of national institutions to ensure the necessary financial income; and accounting standards to serve the business of the main stakeholders as the main starting point, the goal is to determine accounting income, accounting, robustness and flexibility are the main features required to calculate as precisely as possible Company's operating results, in order to facilitate external reporting requirements of accounting, internal management for the enterprise to provide the basis for investors and creditors to provide a basis for decision-making, accounting stakeholders to facilitate decision-making of financial information.
(b) the accounting differences
1. measurement basis, and bore different. General Tax Law was amended to include the concept of social welfare benefits, public policy and equity terms. Tax administration must be fair and treat people with different ability to pay. In addition, the tax should also develop the implementation details of the tax, levy taxes in order to correctly implement the two sides, the specific operation. This trend depends on the legal precedent, rather than seeking data on the meaning of business in the economy. Thus, between lawyers and accountants on tax dispute is not limited to simple justice, and law related to income measurement methods and the fundamental differences between the accounting problems. Recognized as taxable income tax at the same time in more than two standard, that the accrual and cash basis, more emphasis on the fairness of the tax burden and the need for spending in the operating revenue is recognized on the taxable mainly on an accrual basis, the taxable investment income in accordance with cash basis; expense deduction method or the implementation of the standard deduction deducted law. Because tax law the taxpayer has Standard caliber and cost reduction, its foothold on the revenue for the state requirements and planning issues taxable taxpayers generally not a separate stand-alone documents, books system. Corporate accounting system is based on the principle of accrual basis of accounting as a business, the foothold is for daily operation and management activities, and complete documents, books system; in revenue, expense recognition, and usually only on the accrual basis system. In addition to the accrual principle,tory burch, the precautionary principle of financial accounting, the matching principle, the principle of historical cost and income tax law also contains significant difference.
In reality, the calculation of two different caliber is the most important performance. The existence of such differences may have two consequences: one is in line with national industrial policy is to tax tax saving of space given to the taxpayer, the taxpayer can take advantage of, such as deadlines for tax incentives; the other is the legislative intent of the State contrary to tax avoidance. Through the tax code continues to improve, this difference can be reduced, but not disappear.
2. and according to different standards of measurement. Tax rules and accounting standards is the biggest difference between the proceeds realized time and cost of the deductible. The tax system is the cash basis and accrual of the mixture, because the calculation of taxable income is to determine the ability of taxpayers to pay cash immediately, ease of management and the need for tax, and accounting on these natural contradicts the going concern assumption, which makes the tax (tax) year the tendency of its own independent existence. On the income tax issue is the concept of the center of the accounting period, rather than the ratio, so that profits and profit-related expenditures gradually phase separation.
tax revenue is recognized based on the current tax basis for computing taxable income, does not seek perfection in theory, but only to the convenience of operation feasible, the ultimate expression of the requirements in line with tax on tax returns; The financial accounting is based on accounting standards, accounting requirements, objective and fair business operating income, total other operating costs and profit. In addition, the tax system including the controversial issue of tax administrative review or final decision by the court's procedures, the accounting profession is the lack of similar differences in accounting practice problem solving ruling organization, which further accelerate the coordination of accounting and tax to unified direction.
Second, the relationship between business accounting and income tax accounting and the development of
income tax based on objective differences, the two should have the appropriate separation, but look at the relationship between national accounting and income tax, the general have experienced both from their own way to the two tried to adapt to each other, then the appropriate separation between the two so long and tortuous process.
(a) the nature of the When the state by the This is both from the
(b) the inherent Government taxes, the Government has government accounting (tax accounting) records and reports; the fiscal budget, a government (budget) accounting records and reports. However, in a fairly long period of time, due to fragmentation of the tax system, simple and changeable, possible nor necessary to make the taxpayer's accounting specific requirements such as today, and 123 |
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