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 Wysłany: Pią 2:15, 27 Maj 2011 Temat postu: The Haber Process Fixing Nitrogen from Air apt Mak |
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The reaction among nitrogen and hydrogen to generate ammonia is actually a reversible reaction, it will go both ways. This method that meantime nitrogen and hydrogen are adding attach to form ammonia,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the ammonia is decomposing to form nitrogen and hydrogen. Haber's success was finding conditions in which more ammonia was formed.
Elements for Plant Growth
Thermodynamic Compromise
At the starting of the twentieth century, concern was creature expressed that edible production was not reserving up with world population growth. A German scientist labeled Fritz Haber put his idea to the problem and came up with a process by which nitrogen from the air could be rotated into ammonia, which could then be used to make fertilizers and,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], less productively, explosives.
Read on
Atmospheric Chemistry
What Is Nitrogen?
The Chemistry, Properties and Uses of Hydrogen
Nitrogen and Hydrogen
This process was perfected fair ahead the First World War. In the long term it revolutionised the agricultural production of the globe. In the short term, whatsoever, it gave the Germans a source of nitrate to use in explosives which may have lengthened the warfare by up to two years.
Haber knew that it was feasible apt make ammonia gas along responding nitrogen from the climate with hydrogen gas. The problem was namely it necessitated a lot of vigor to make very little product. He secondhand a thermodynamic concession to find conditions that produced a good yield of ammonia in a short time.
The additional place that nitrogen was found in massive quantities was the air which is 80% nitrogen gas. This gas is very unreactive, however,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and no path was known to fix this nitrogen so that it could be joined to taint to fertilize plants.
Plants absence three inorganic ingredients to grow: potassium (K),[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], phosphorous (P), and nitrogen (N). The premier two tin be produced without many difficulty from abundant rock deposits throughout the world. Nitrogen, ashore the other hand, was merely found in large quantities in Chile in the form of saltpetre or sodium nitrate. These deposits were not going to last forever and population growth claimed a better source of nitrogen.
First World War
The repercussion equation demonstrates that 1 particle of nitrogen reacts with three molecules of hydrogen to give two molecules of ammonia. The reaction gives out heat, it is exothermic. Thermodynamics tells us that more ammonia ambition be fashioned by high pressure and low temperature. The problem is that cheap temperatures reason the reaction to go very slowly and high pressures cost a lot to maintain. Haber base a compromise in which the gases were reacted by 450 degrees Celsius and 250 atmospheres of oppression. He also used a catalyst: steel,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], osmium and uranium always produced good yields of ammonia.
Equilibrium
Nitrogen from Air
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