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 Wysłany: Czw 9:28, 28 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: Tap the potential of marine fishery on the develop |
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Tap the potential of marine fishery on the development of food sources to expand the investigation and recommendations
First, our marine fisheries production achieved (a) of the shallow seas and tidelands Seafood mariculture and aquaculture achieved remarkable results by for the implementation of fully located in the Liaodong and Shandong Peninsula and the northern Yellow Sea, Bohai Bay, the advantages, the use of shallow seas and tidelands actively developing aquaculture industry. In 1996, Liaoning and Shandong provinces aquaculture production reached 1.11 million tons and 2.597 million tons, accounting for 43% of the total seafood and 54.5%. To foster new economic growth point of ocean, sea water by the two provinces has been actively developing aquaculture, the implementation of artificial reproduction of shrimp and sea bottom sowing releasing works. Liaoning Province since 1985 has been released into production, releasing a total of 1 to 3 cm in juvenile prawns 12.5 billion, recapture output of 1.9 million tons, 6.5 billion direct economic benefits, social benefits of 2.8 billion, input-output ratio 1:10, leading nationwide. Seabed seeding is the new production areas in recent years, have better development prospects. Dalian Changhai County is an island county, the county bottom sowing area of 40 mu proliferation, focusing on development of abalone, sea cucumbers, sea urchins, shrimp, scallops, etc. Seafood, as well as clams, Clam, clams and other varieties of Quebec, yield a total of more than 80,000 ton, initially built by the end of a proliferation of broadcast-based submarine estate. Long Island County, Shandong Province, marine aquaculture area now been extended to the deep crowd shallow coastal waters, aquaculture species from the traditional seaweed, scallops extended to the abalone, sea cucumber, scallop and other Haizhen series of breeding, breeding forms from a single changes in the formation of raft culture support for offshore raft, submarine broadcast support, factory farming and other land-based aquaculture in the form with the new situation. 70 acres in the waters around the islands, the initial formation of the upper, middle and comprehensive utilization of water level In 1996 the county yield 30 million tons of seafood, including aquaculture output reached 208,700 tons, 658 million farming income. In Zhejiang Province, after a reasonable adjustment of industry structure, but also established a Development-oriented aquaculture industry, aquaculture has made significant development. In 1996, the province's aquaculture area of 85.82 hectares, production reached 395,100 tons, ranking sixth. In 1997, peach, Zhejiang Xiangshan Port Marine Fisheries Corporation and fishing companies, were imported from Fujian Province, the European eel and large yellow croaker seed, take a large area of sea farmed, and success, as significant economic benefits are expected to be more great development. (B) the establishment of a new type of marine capture mechanism, actively developing offshore fishing Zhejiang Province, China Sea, the continental shelf area of 34,050 mu of fishing grounds, is more than twice the land area in Zhejiang Province. Famous Zhoushan fishing ground is the largest fishing grounds, rich in fishery resources has accelerated the development of marine fishing industry in Zhejiang Province. In 1996, the province's fisheries output reached 3,421,400 tons, which accounted for 2,597,200 tons of marine fishing, ranking first in the country. View of the sea changes in the structure of traditional species, Zhejiang Province, take active measures so that the structure of marine fishing offshore from the coast of the main initial realization of the development of the sea outside the changes, ocean fishing has grown to the Atlantic, Pacific and Indian Ocean, greatly promote the development of marine fisheries. In 1996, the catch off the coast of the province accounted for 61% of the total output of marine fishing. Offshore fishing from scratch, the rapid development and have a certain size, output reached 134,000 tons last year. (C) active development of aquatic products processing industry, and cultivate new economic growth point of the marine Liaoning, Shandong and Zhejiang provinces fishery production continues to develop, promote preservation of aquatic products processing industry in the province's rapid rise. Value-added fish processing is an important part of aquatic products, but also the future direction of development of marine economic value. Is aimed at domestic and international markets, the development of Zhejiang Province, the first small package frozen and convenience foods, on this basis, the development of marine drugs and other products, so that to obtain a significant value-added fishery products. In 1996, the province's total aquatic product processing more than 60 million tons of processing the output value of 6.38 billion yuan, aquatic products processing capacity of the column integrated whole country. Second, the potential demand of aquatic products and marine fishery resource potential of Bureau of Fisheries, according to estimates, in 1995 the per capita consumption of aquatic products was 20.5 kg per capita consumption of 11.6 kilograms, but the consumption of highly uneven, and some coastal areas up to 40 kg, while inland in some areas less than 1 kg per capita consumption, so the potential for inland fish consumption is great. With economic development and people's living standards, dietary structure, great changes have taken place, people on high protein, low fat, fresh flavor the United States will further increase demand for aquatic products. If the annual increase of 1 kg per person to calculate the consumption of aquatic products, you need 5 years increased by 600 million tonnes. According to projections, the next few years will be a net annual population increase of about 14 million to meet the new population would need to increase the consumption of aquatic products output of 16 million tons of aquatic products. Therefore, we should fully tap the potential of fisheries resources to meet the growing needs of the people of aquatic products.
(a) increasing the yield potential of aquaculture yields the overall level of China's marine aquaculture yields are not high. With the rapid development of marine fisheries, the corresponding seed system, fish feed system, disease prevention and control system of the establishment and improvement of aquaculture promotion and application of new technologies, the introduction of improved varieties and the breeding ponds and transformation, mariculture yield of 800 kg / mu is entirely possible. (B) the potential for expansion of farming area isobath of 15 meters within the shallow sea and the beach area of about 2 million hectares, according to the existing scientific and technological level, can be farmed area of 4,000 mu. By 1995 only, have taken advantage of the shallow sea and the beach area of 1074 mu, accounting for only 26.8% of the area can be farmed. As aquaculture technology, engineering technology level, the area used for farming will continue to expand. Such as: Long Island County, Shandong Province, had 30 to 40 meters deep in the sea for breeding, and be successful. According to the National Marine Information Centre also provides information, our 30 m isobath offshore of the shallow water area of around 4.8 million hectares; 40 m isobath in shallow water area enclosed by 6.2 million mu. This illustrates that the expansion of marine aquaculture area of great potential. (C) the development of offshore and deep sea fishery resources, according to the potential Resources, our part of the fishery resources off the coast there are certain reserves. South China Sea off the coast there are only about 100 million tons. Stability of coastal, ocean fishing to adjust the structure is imperative. High seas waters off the coast of fisheries resources in particular, have considerable potential. With the production capacity in China to expand offshore fishing and fishery cooperation with third world countries the increasing development of offshore fisheries production to maintain a certain growth rate is possible. According to the Ministry of Agriculture Fisheries Service information provided by the expected end of this century, ocean and offshore fisheries production will increase by 50 million tons. Third, the current production of marine fishery problems to be solved (a) of the offshore overfishing, resulting in the gradual depletion of fishery resources offshore fishing is a high investment and high rate of return on the industry, with great temptation, and fishery production and management of law enforcement agencies and relatively weak, so there was excessive ocean fishing, the phenomenon of disorder, resulting in the traditional marine fishery resources of the gradual depletion. The Zhoushan fishing ground, for example, large and small yellow croaker and squid, and other traditional commercial fish fishing season has not form, octopus tends to be smaller, younger age. Such as the winter flood of 1996 after the capture of the octopus, each end of 100 to 150 grams in about half, and the proportion of total fisheries production in the cutlass same period in 1995, down one percent over the previous year decrease of 4 ~ 5 million tons. (B) of the Fisheries disease has seriously hampered the development of marine aquaculture recent years, affected by a combination of factors, sea environmental degradation, worsening disease of marine fisheries. Shrimp, scallops, abalone, kelp Dengjun affected to varying degrees by the disease, and harmful varieties are expanding spread. Epidemic outbreak of shrimp disease in 1993, the national shrimp production by 22 million tons in 1991 fell sharply to 6.4 in 1994 million tons, aquaculture, processing, marketing and other aspects of the average annual total economic losses of 100 billion yuan, shrimp aquaculture industry has been to the devastating blow, significantly dampened the enthusiasm of shrimp farmers farming. Although some local case-based and adhere to the principle polyculture, have made some achievements, but a large area of shrimp culture on disease prevention and control, has still not come up with a place or unit of thorough and effective solutions. Fisheries disease has increasingly become restricted the development of China's marine aquaculture industry bottlenecks. (C) of coastal marine pollution is worsening Bohai Sea, the East China Sea, Yellow Sea coastal waters are subject to different levels of pollution from the three areas. Among them, the land-based sources of marine pollution, the total of 80%, 15% of pollution from ships, aquaculture, marine pollution caused by mineral development accounted for 5%. Consequences of water pollution, eutrophication, to cause bloom. Such as red tide occurred in 1996 in Liaoning Province 32 times the maximum time of 7 to 8 days, seriously affected the development of marine aquaculture. Fourth, some suggestions (a) strictly enforce the law, increase the intensity of the implementation of the system moratorium to protect the fisheries resources of coastal and marine ecological environment, should strengthen the management of marine fisheries, strictly delineated I inshore fishing ban area, establish and improve the moratorium system. It is understood that Zhejiang Zhoushan fishing on octopus fishing ban imposed after two months of this year than last year captured a large octopus out of a universal means wide. Liaoning Province, captured a month later than usual this year, jellyfish, to increase more than 500 million yuan. This fully demonstrates the moratorium system is effective and feasible. Therefore recommended that the State Council instructed relevant departments to make full use of administrative and legal means, strictly enforce the moratorium system, to ensure the health of coastal fisheries resources sustainability.
(b) joint research organization of scientific research institutions to strengthen disease prevention and control of fisheries from the current situation, a large area of marine aquaculture in the event of disease, it is difficult to find immediate methods and techniques. Therefore, the proposed National Science and Technology Commission and the coastal provinces, municipalities and county governments, multi-channel fund-raising approach to actively support the fisheries research institutions to intensify basic research on disease control and prevention research, and included in national plans to ensure the health of marine aquaculture development. Meanwhile, the proposed development of the country from the perspective of big agriculture, the introduction of agricultural technology and seed for the $ 100,000,000 special funds set aside to support part of the development of marine fisheries. (C) The establishment of fisheries in the Yellow Sea north of the sustainable development of economic and technological experiment and demonstration area present, China's thriving mariculture industry development trend, but the marine fishing resources are faced with the gradual depletion of a critical situation. Fisheries Development in the 21st century is the core of sustainable development, how to promote the sustainable development of marine fisheries, it entered the scientific, rational and orderly track, you will need to continue to explore and lessons learned. Therefore, it is necessary to establish a national economic and technological sustainable development of marine fisheries pilot demonstration areas to engage in artificial stocking, fisheries research and improved disease control,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], foster high-quality seed and many other tests, and successful experience to promote and popularize to speed up the development of marine fisheries. Through field tours, special group that, Liaoning Provincial People's Government's Therefore recommended that the State Council and State Planning Commission, State Science and Technology, Ministry of Agriculture and other departments for examination and approval, and to develop relevant preferential policies, increase support of the efforts. Development of marine fisheries resources, protection of the marine environment not only plays an important role in economic development, but also in international politics but also of great significance. We must firmly rely on science and technology to fully tap all kinds of potential, positive, scientific development and utilization of marine fishery resources, marine food sources continued to increase, so that the next century, 1.6 billion Chinese people's living standards and quality of life better!
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