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Henan province ascends a county to accuse town to sent disinter to be in the Gu Cheng of period of the Warring States 1980, be apart from have more than 2300 years about today. At that time to solve problem of urban water supply, draw river water from the northern part of hill, set in subterranean contented to make conduit is defeated by water input a city through burying. Conduit is defeated by water crosses a paragraph of hill, bury the rock entrenchment that is set in authentic to become inside. Earthenware pipe grows 0.590;0.61 rice every, two upright degree of finish are differ, big mouth covers small mouth, buckle successively, thick end diametical 0.17;0.18 rice, fine end diametical 0.130;0.14 rice. Among conduit every other has one paragraph 3 canals, raise nozzle to reach the floor, the tailor-made top that takes aperture is used above cover,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, useful also pebble pins, in order to adjust hydraulic. Still one place is 4 canals, one is raised there is board to insert type gate chamfer inside nozzle, can use board gate shut-off of water. There is crock of one big contented below the mouth, water flows into a crock directly inside. The connection place of two conduit sets valve hole. Whole project formed a perfect tap water equipment, it is very clever that its are designed.
BC 486 years, wu Guowei the contend for hegemony on north, be in Han ground (today southeast Jiangsu Yangzhou) fortification, northerly canalage, come via shooting Yang Hu end mouth (today north of the county austral Jiangsu fill) be interlinked with river of the Huaihe River, become Han channel.
King of benefit of the Kingdom of Wei (before BC 3690; 318 years of v/arc be on the throne) to seek hegemony Central Plains, strengthen with the Song Dynasty (national capital is in today city of Henan business grave) , Zheng (national capital is in today Henan new Zheng) , old (national capital is in today Henan the Huaihe River is in relief) , Cai (national capital is in today Anhui phoenix stage) the connection that wait, from Henan Xing Yang Kaiyun the river brings Yellow River water to flow to southeast, communicate with water system of river of the Huaihe River, form chasm.
Zhang water 12 canal it is large farm irrigates channel, by post of country of the Kingdom of Wei your Ximen leopard is chaired build. Each canal set adjust the floodgate that water measures, li Daoyuan says is one source cent is “ 12 flow, all hang floodgate ” .
Primitive society evening, our country already appeared project of prevent or control flood. Fokelore is versed in stop up of family name “ is prevented in all 100 plain, fall mounds high Bi ” , ” of flood of “ Gun barrier, remove the clay of altitude, block namely, be in the small part of certain from the river distance, a low bank of earth between fields of bank of build earth stone,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, hold off the flood pervade. Big later the reputed founder of the Ix Dynasty discovers this kind of method won'ts do in a lot of areas, then his “ thinks because of water division ” , method of prevent floods by water control by scanty ” of “ of instead of ” of “ stop up. His “ definitely Jiang Shu river, connect show disrespect or contempt, the Yu Hai that send, size photograph suffers, 100 plain direct current, each put in its place 's charge. Next people must go high risk, be in peaceful land ” . Method of this kind of dredge, advanced than be versed in the family name defends a law with the stop up that Gun uses in all one pace,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, treat a river actively by instead of inactive prevent or control flood, through the wadi of dredge, catchment ability increases, the effect it may not be a bad idea of prevent or control flood is much.
Period of the Longshan Culture already appeared project of urban prevent or control flood, drain flooded fields. 1980, in the southeast of in relief county of Henan the Huaihe River the smooth grain stage of 4 kilometers discovered relics of one place ancient city. 3 contented make hair disinter below the way to do sth austral the city wall catchment conduit, taste glyph laid into convert. Earthenware pipe cent is thick, fine two end, fine end buckles thick end,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, thick end diametical 0.27;0.32 rice, fine end diametical 0.230;0.26 rice, rice of every long 0.350;0.45 differs. This Gu Cheng arrives from the city outline of prevent or control flood the subterranean conduit of drain flooded fields, formed a system of perfect water conservancy project.
Dike the Western Zhou Dynasty of at the latest already appeared. " on mandarin · Zhou Yu " say: “ is prevented civilian mouth, very at preventing plain, plain stop up and;burst;ulcerate;fester, injury person needs much. ” sees the Western Zhou Dynasty dike to already had certain dimensions. Period of age the Warring States, dike very general already, cause “ stop up to prevent even 100 plain, each with the situation from benefit ” . Qin Tong after 16 countries, ability “ is connected definitely plain prevent, exterminate goes ” of dangerous and difficult road, ended this kind of confused phase.
Jiang Yan is world-famous large irrigate project, fill county is saved in Sichuan. It is king of clear of the Qin Dynasty (BC 306 one before 251 years) Shi Shushou Li Bing is chaired build. Whole project is comprised 3 times partly by mouth of mouth of the fish that divide water, Aquarius, flying Sha Yan, have irrigate, the action of prevent or control flood. After Jiang Yan is repaired, make about 3 million mus of fertile land get Chengdu Campagna irrigate, became “ water on land from person ” , the land of abundance of ” of a thousand li of “ Wo Ye. Come more than 2000 years, experience takes the place of to be safeguarded meticulously of working people, still producing main effect up to now.
Period of age the Warring States, wei Zaihuang river with the Xing this world south, chu Zaihan water, Yun Meng, wu Zaijiang, the Huaihe River, too lake, be in Shandong together Zi, aid and other places excavate the canal. Mix with Han channel among them chasm scale is larger.
BC is versed in Zheng Guoqu 246 years Zheng country designs cut for Qinguo by the water of Korea. Water of short for the Jinghe River of his “ authentic from Zhongshan mansion Hu mouth is on the west canal, and north notes the name of a river in Shaanxi and Henan provinces by Shandong to irrigate of more than 300 lis of …… the ground of lustre bittern more than 40000 just, close all mu one bell ” . Canal into, “ the central Shaanxi plain is Wo Ye, without fierce year of ” .
In respect of theory of water conservancy project, " pipe · spends the ground " discussed dike the technical issue such as design, construction, protection, the cross section form that puts forward to prevent wants “ big its fall, small the ” on its, into echelon. Will not produce coast so. Dike the season of construction should be in “ spring March, scope of activity is dull dry up of …… mountains and rivers-land falls …… story already, when new issue did not remove ” , slack season season, weather is dry, land water content is more appropriate, construction quality is right now good, low water season, desirable and flood land go up embankment, can have the effect of dredge riverbed. After bank prevent the emergence of revisionism is become, even “ is cultivated with bramble, in order to originally its ground, miscellaneous with Bai Yang, in order to have definitely water ” . Also know somewhat to all sorts of character of current, think the sex of “ water, with tall step down a disease, as to bleach stone; And below to tall, flow namely and be no good ” . Be in the place with upriver high water level to pointing out headwork position wants to choose, such ability “ are tall its go up, get the ” of Ling. To make sure canal water is straightway, must make sure channel has appropriate slope to fall, namely “ feet has very, 3 lis full 49 person,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, water can go also ” . This slope falls be equivalent to one thousandth. About having the depth that presses tubal shedding,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, " pipe · spends the ground " also have discuss: The sex of “ water, go to Qu Biliu to retreat, full criterion before pusher. Underground is parallel, the land accuses high namely. ” described channel water popularity to take two medium kinds of ruinous hydraulic appearances again: “ Du Qu demolishs. Du Qu is stimulated jump, jump lean, lean on an annulus, annulus is medium, medium a contain, contain fills in, stuff moves, move to accuse, accuse a water absurd travel. ”
In oracle inscriptions of Yin Dynasty ruins, useful wait for a word at ” of irrigating Quan of “ of water conservancy project, “ Hui ” ; Have cropland of fill of pilot a ship into a harbour and embankment waterproof with industrial and commercial record. Be like: “ Ding Jibo, chastity: Millet Tian Nianlu? Chastity: Does Z protect millet year? Does Z not protect millet year? ” (" second " 7781) . The “ of this demit year rash ” namely Jia Shanzhi of the year's harvest justice. “z” namely the word of “ �� ” of later ages, namely “ Quan ” , “ ” , cropland mu medium channel Xu also. Be like again: Midday of “ the fifth of the ten Heavenly Stem is predicted, contend for chastity: Shui Jifu (at present) city? In July. ” (" second " 3162) . This demit predicts “ water ” and ” of day “ Fu Ciyi, won't be the “ water ” with flush flood it is thus clear that, and should be OK benefit the “ water ” at the person, below the historical condition at that time, can explain only to irrigate farm in order to assure the “ water ’ of bumper harvest of the year's harvest. Yan Ren not only is “ made? , , “ guides Huan ” , pilot a ship into a harbour irrigates, and return embankment to make country fairdyke in case flood, protect Ju Yi and cultivated land. Oracle inscriptions has the decline of ” of “ honest trade: “ says Mao Zhen: Make now honest trade? ” (" broken " 229) . “ Xin Maozhen: Nowadays the month makes honest trade, ” (" person " 2363) ,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych] ,, “ Ding Yibo, chastity: “ king makes and honest trade? ” (" armour " 727) . ” of “ honest trade, it is embankment waterproof in order to defend trade. Career of �� irrigation works passes the development of business and the Western Zhou Dynasty, appeared to period of age the Warring States the development climax with an unprecedented scale. The water conservancy project of this period build can be divided roughly to irrigate, the canal, dike these 3 kinds. Large irrigate of the project build only then Yu Chunqiu end, to the Warring States most flourishing, main project has water of Shao Bei, Zhang 12 canal, Jiang Yan, Zheng Guoqu.
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