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Dołączył: 17 Lis 2010
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Skąd: England
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 Wysłany: Pon 11:37, 13 Gru 2010 Temat postu: Puma Drift Cat II William II of Eng Puma First Rou |
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Reputation
However, with Robert showing little tangible interest in assisting the efforts of his supporters, William was able to successfully bribe many of his opponents into joining his side. He crushed the Rebellion, and invaded Normandy in 1091, snatching some of Robert's lands from him. In spite of this aggression, he reconciled with his brother by promising to help him retrieve other lands which he had lost to France.
Dealing with Foreign Aggression
Malcolm’s brother, Donald [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], took the Scottish throne, and was opposed by William, who supported first Malcolm’s second
William II (c.1056 - 1100) was King of England from 1087 until his death, succeeding to the throne upon the death of his father, King William I the Conqueror. William II was also known by his nickname [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], William Rufus, which may have referred to his ruddy complexion.
Succession to the Throne
In 1087, William I was mortally injured whilst besieging the town of Mantes in France. Before death claimed him, he divided his lands and property between his surviving sons, as follows:
William's particular contempt for the Church turned the clergy against him and, as most medieval scholars were also clergymen, most surviving records of him contain a definite negative bias. In spite of this, the events which transpired during his reign seem to leave little doubt that he was, if nothing else, a ruthless and belligerent king with few qualms about using whatever means necessary to acquire wealth and power.
A state of constant rivalry and suspicion existed between the three surviving brothers, and so long as they all lived, they schemed against each other to get any advantage they could.
William was a highly skilled soldier, but had a notoriously short temper and was very unpopular with his subjects, due both to his extreme taxation of them in order to finance his wars and the alleged immorality of his court. Rumours that he was a homosexual were spread both during and long after his reign had ended.
In 1096, he bought Normandy off Robert, who needed a huge loan to fund his involvement in the First Crusade. William was able to gain the required sum of money by exacting a brutally heavy taxation upon his subjects throughout England.
As the third of four sons, William Rufus was not expected to inherit the English crown, but in 1081, all of that changed, when Richard, the anticipated heir and William's elder brother, was killed by a stag whilst hunting in the New Forest.
The Rebellion of 1088 and the Purchase of Normandy
When William I died, nobles who owned land in both Normandy and England soon realised that they were in a predicament, as they now owed their allegiance to two masters, each with a mutual hatred of the other. They decided to unite the two regions once more under a single ruler, and declared their allegiance to Robert, rising up against William II in the Rebellion of 1088.
Robert Curthose [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], the eldest son, inherited the Duchy of NormandyWilliam Rufus, the Conqueror's third and favourite son, succeeded him as King of EnglandHenry Beauclerc, the youngest son, received no land, but was given 5,000 silver pounds as compensation upon his father’s death
Read on
Henry I of England
The Reign of William the Conqueror
Death of William II
In 1091, Malcolm III of Scotland attempted to invade England, but William forced him to leave and took control of land claimed by the Scots, including Cumbria, where he built Carlisle Castle as a defensive fortification. Malcolm complained about this and invaded again, but this time he was defeated and killed at the Battle of Alnwick, along with his son and heir, Edward.
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