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 Wysłany: Pią 21:49, 22 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: Pension Reform Current Situation, Problems and op |
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Pension Reform: Current Situation, Problems and options
Abstract At present, the situation is worsening social pension, pension Insurance system is facing many problems, pension funds, large gaps, the heavy burden of enterprises, lack of relevant laws, has affected the social safety and stability. This paper analyzes the problem of the status of pension reform, the plight, and thus made a number of relevant policy recommendations. Key words the plight of old-age insurance status of a selected】 【body, status: (a), the system populations of non-formal and informal employment. So, what kind of people are among the urban informal employment? Beijing University Population Research Institute 息 INFORMATION is defined as: people in informal employment includes not only laid-off workers in recent years, but also in the city's migrant workers, the self-employed, private entrepreneurs and freelancers. Population in the informal employment, more than half of divorced outside the pension system. In other words, China's entire pension system is very limited in its coverage of the surface. ① What caused the city in this part of the pension system a risk, leading to this part of the crowd may prefer the case of personal savings and life insurance, do not want to select the social pension insurance. distorted. Enterprise pension insurance contribution rate payable for up to 20% of salary, I need to re-pay the employees 8%. Plus medical insurance, unemployment insurance and other fees, businesses and employees pay the full fee of up to 40% more in some areas, the actual contribution rate is even higher. This fee is higher than many developing countries, and Sweden, the United States and other developed countries. Such a high labor cost is not conducive to encouraging employers to pay benefits. For migrant workers for the social pension insurance policy does reflect the humane care, but the wave after tidal wave of migrant workers surrender to decision-makers feel embarrassed. The first in the country to promote the insurance of migrant workers in Guangdong Province peak frequency is surrender, surrender rates as high as 95%. Only the number of Shenzhen to surrender each year up to 12 million or more, the city has even appeared a day line up of migrant workers more than 600 surrender of the Are migrant workers do not receive the Government's situation, and the government or the joke? Under the current pension system, the city paid a monthly pension of migrant workers accounted for 8% of salary, and the need to pay the 15 consecutive years to benefit. Wage in each city is different, but the standard uniform pension payment: 8%, is largely beyond their endurance. The payment deadline fixed and difficult to transfer and the mobility of migrant workers. Therefore, for these people, the money in his hand be more appropriate. (B), lack of institutional effectiveness: Paul has been into the groups Pension issues are also Pension insurance system provides benefits to the insured's pension is too low. Older workers of state enterprises can get a pension after retirement, an average of only three or four hundred dollars, and some can not even guarantee a basic living. The general staff can only get 60% of pre-retirement wages for the organs and institutions of retirees, the gap is even greater. This situation has become a national issue. Pension insurance is currently in place at the provincial level, but in some places has not done even at the provincial level, resulting in the level of protection in different regions vary widely, from poor to rich regions do not want to transfer to the person responsible for the region, coupled with the various regions because management is not uniform, can not do a good convergence. Meanwhile, the institutional barriers is reflected in, the national civil service pension insurance and Social Security companies belong to different systems, the treatment level of the former is much higher than the latter, resulting in mobility problems. In addition, although the pension insurance institutions by the labor security department, but did not reform the insurance system, there is no unified and business insurance, also showed significant level of protection for the former than the latter, so many people so afraid to change jobs. The other on the question of risk allows the pension income security had to worry about. Workers have been every month for coverage for their own pension account Because this post from the The name of the personal account, just only as a unit of account, there is no accumulation of funds, their essence, which is still a pay mode of financing, reflecting the coercive power of government under the auspices of the intergenerational income redistribution. Not a real sense of personal self-accumulation and self-protection, is still under government-led inter-generational support. Pension costs reflect intergenerational sharing, and as such design in practice will have greater resistance, evasion of businesses and individuals will increase. Why set up individual accounts? The attraction is the money from the personal account savings fund formed to increase the value by investing in insured retirement, he can receive his or her pension in the form of the principal invested plus the interest substantial Bryan the golden years, if not increase the value of the social security fund, individual accounts will be meaningless. The embarrassment of the present pension system is that: on the one hand insist on engaging in personal accounts; the one hand, increasing the value of the Fund Quedui bitter-standing. With the implementation of family planning policy, demographic changes, this Because the current funding model is based on the population structure on the basis of relative stability. Chairman of the National Social Security Fund Council Xiang said: will have to raise wages to pay 37% of individual contributions now more than 4 times. ③ Under the existing pension system, was born at the peak of China's population 70,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych],80 stranger, in 30 years, most are at or near retirement age, when these people are facing retirement, their children as the implementation of China's family planning policy, that the emergence of family structure 1:4, how can afford such a large pension expenditures? And now, the trend of population aging has become increasingly evident. The money will come from the insured out later? Tomorrow we will have no money for the elderly? Even if the final pay by the state, the insured must assume the risk of currency devaluation. For pension funds increase the value of the problem, the country has no relevant safeguards. (On the current situation, paid the pension funds) is clearly increased, but because of prices, macroeconomic and financial Environmental and other factors, the actual depreciation. Even if the final pension by the state to fill the gap, to pay the cost of reform is not too large? Second, the dilemma: 1, absent or weak legal intervention. Current legislative level, mainly as a number of regulations, rules or notifications, the form of local ordinances. Basic old-age insurance has not yet introduced, and because of these strong policy in legislative form, constantly changing, and where there are obvious differences in the seriousness of the lack of legal norms should be normative and authoritative, and not conducive to the central macro-control and national unity the formation of the labor market. Lack of legal basis for the collection, relying on administrative means, the lack of binding on the unit or individual. 2, payment of the main weak. For the payment of the main enterprises, the loss of other reasons, on the one hand more and more companies unable to pay the normal premium, less, evasion is serious; the other hand, in order to maintain the operation of the system, pension fund contributions rates need to rise in some places the contribution rate has reached about 30% of total wages. Thus, high rates, high escape rate, and then raise rates in some parts of a vicious circle. 3, the absence of government responsibility. The pension security system immature legal system and capital markets, funds were misappropriated, the abuse occurred from time to fund the absence of government regulation highlights the security problems. A responsible government can not be determined because of financial constraints and can not afford their basic living costs, especially in the achievements of twenty years of rapid growth in China, but there is no reason to refuse to participate fully in and through the National Social Security to solve the people's livelihood problems, resulting in Financial the gap is not the economic backwardness, but the policy, management lags behind, corruption and dereliction of duty and so on. Everyone Suanbu Qing huge loss and waste of the assets of how a black hole. Not money, that money is spent should not spend a few places or plunder. Moreover, since the existing system is based on the city as a unit, the social security sector by the government to manage the fund, the management means is strictly limited to bank deposits, bonds and investment, increasing the value of the difficulties, resulting in the majority should be maintained in the system is not security personnel marginalized. Late fee system exists in name, but also provides a 4, defects in the supply of related systems. The face of growing structural unemployment, technological development and industrial upgrading, and promotion of state-owned enterprise restructuring, the unemployment rate rising year by year. Because unemployment insurance and relief system lag, difficult conversion mechanism, deepen the reform is constrained, the system of state enterprise reform has become a The current overall policy is divided into cities and industry, would not achieve on the old and new cities, different industries, monopolistic industries and competitive industries such as the role of income redistribution between, and good economic returns from local social insurance system, the industry free to go out, affect the redistribution, weakening the role of social security insurance. As enterprises and institutions of the gap between the large and difficult to diminish, some people will find ways to squeeze into administrative units, in such a system inertia, the business leaders at the time of retirement requires administrative level, the demobilized soldiers do not want to enterprises, also objectively led to the expansion of administrative agencies and institutions. All of these are still not a uniform law relating to specification, all parts from the existing economic conditions and formulate corresponding regulations according to their Ordinance, a difference is not surprising, it is this fragmented limits the regions and the situation among the normal flow and the transfer of pension insurance, which were difficult to achieve economy. At present, corporate restructuring, the implementation of early retirement of 40,50 persons, and persons of retirement and this part of the early retirement pension set aside 10 years of policy implementation. However, most state-owned enterprises face in the process of restructuring costs are high, the gap big problem. Resulting in difficult restructuring, many local governments to cast it to continue restructuring was carried out, the implementation of this part of the pension is counted only way not to mention, so that when part of the restructuring have not yet retired when the officer actually to retire 40,50 When the reorganization or restructuring of the enterprise after the money is not paid in the normal procedures can not be old-age insurance procedures. Made to plot a new social contradictions.
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