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Hoover maintained that it was rugged individualism that produced the tremendous wealth of the nation. During those decades in American History, Henry Ford seemed to characterize that ideal of individualism. A man with a vision and unbridled determination,Nike Dunk Shoes, he built one of the largest industries. According to Time (September 11, 1933),Nike Shox R4, however,Nike Air Max 97, he ran afoul of President Roosevelt’s National Recovery Administration (NRA). Under the NRA code, wages in his industry were capped at forty-three cents and hour; Ford was paying his workers fifty cents an hour.
In 1928 Herbert Hoover spoke of the American nation following World War I: “…we were challenged…between the American system of rugged individualism,” he stated, “and a European philosophy of diametrically opposed doctrines – doctrines of paternalism and state socialism.” Hoover was himself a self-made man who valued the lessons originally advocated by 18th Century philosopher Adam Smith and his views on laissez faire.
Individualism as a Part of the Great American Dream
Rugged individualism in American history never implied a collection of loners. Cornelius Vanderbilt borrowed $100 from his mother at age 16 and turned that money into one of the greatest shipping empires. The Vanderbilts, like Andrew Carnegie, gave back to society through philanthropic endeavors, much like Bill and Melinda Gates are doing today through their foundation.
Individualism in American Social and Political History
The federal government, attempting for force compliance, threatened to license him out of business. According to Time,Air Max Wright, “It was the first clean-cut major encounter between the new ‘robust collectivism’ and a prime exponent of the old ‘rugged individualism.’” In 1957, novelist Ayn Rand published Atlas Shrugged in which a fictional individualist, Hank Rearden, is coerced by the government into giving up his secret formula for the revolutionary “Rearden steel,” at a time individualism was being replaced by socialist policies.
Those who saw rugged individualism as an integral part of attaining the American Dream, like Teddy Roosevelt during the Progressive Era, recognized that there would always be “malefactors of great wealth” that needed to be reigned in through federal regulation. But this was very different from creating a system whereby the federal government provided long-term assistance to millions – or so the proponents of individualism argued.
Writing in Time (October 15, 1984), Roger Rosenblatt all but asserts that individualism was always a myth of sorts and that America was never a “collection of loners.” Rosenblatt was writing in the midst of the Reagan presidency at a time individualism was being debated intellectually and politically. Much like Teddy Roosevelt and Hoover, Ronald Reagan championed less government and an end to the welfare state. One of his 1980 campaign promises had been to eliminate the newly formed Department of Education.
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Transcendentalism in 19th Century A
Rugged individualism, most commonly associated with President Herbert Hoover, has seen many faces in American history. It is the conservative side in the debate on how much governmental interference should exist in American society and in the regulation of American business. Speaking in New York in 1928, Hoover warned that the other side of individualism was “centralized despotism.” That argument has been raised politically many times since FDR’s New Deal. It helped fuel some of the 1930s opposition to the New Deal. Today, similar arguments are used politically to define the differences between the growing Tea Party movement and the policies of President Barack Obama and the Democratic Party.
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