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Pastoral demonstrates linear perspective with a landscape and buildings that occupy the painting in the distance. The clouds and sky create the atmospheric perspective. The landscape has great depth and the mountains and the plain go very far back in the distance.
The nudes in Pastoral represent the muses of poetry, with the muse pouring water representing temperance. Pastoral poetry and literature was a common tradition during the Renaissance, and the Giorgione/Titian painting is one example
Colors and Clothing
“Parnassus” is found in the Vatican Collections in the Stanza della Segnatura. “Pastoral Scene” is in the Renaissance collections of the Louvre Museum in Paris.
Read on
Art Museum Quiz
Events of Early Art
Biography of Raphael - High Renaissance Painter
Mythology and Poetry
Linear Perspective
The main mythological reference in “Parnassus” is that of Apollo, and there also appear to be some muses. The painting also includes writers from antiquity. Mythology was popular in the High Renaissance as artists grasped the revival of classical ideas. These classical themes represented humanism in the form of allegories.
Pastoral is painted in contemporary Renaissance style and is outlined by subjects wearing period clothing. The colors in this painting are much darker than “Parnassus” and have heavy shading. One subject is so shaded that his expressions can barely be deciphered. The color and very soft light create roundness of form, especially for the two nude women. The painting is not as symmetrical as “Parnassus” since the subjects occupy more of the left side of the landscape rather than the entire canvas.
“Parnassus” does not incorporate linear perspective because his painting is a close-up of the mountain. Vertical perspective is established by the height of the mountain and the trees. Atmospheric perspective is also demonstrated by inclusion of the sky and clouds. Raphael also used the architecture of the Stanza della Segnatura to frame the fresco and to create an illusion of being in a window, and the illusion is advanced by the artist’s use of shadows. Sappho’s contrapposto pose is an indication that Raphael was influenced by Michelangelo’s work in the Sistine Chapel, which was near Julius’ apartments.
Each painting features subjects sitting on a hill or a mountain. In “Parnassus”, it is Apollo’s mountain while Pastoral showcases a generic countryside. “Parnassus” has many more subjects as Raphael has represented both historical and contemporary writer-poets from including Homer, Virgil [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], Petrarch, Dante, and Sappho. These subjects are painted in a classical style with garments that cover and form around the body, and shadows that give the painting weight and depth. Bright colors are used for garments, as well as for the sky, grass and trees. The painting is symmetrical, with the subjects closely divided among both sides of the fresco. Raphael may have used Mantegna’s “Parnassus” as a model for his painting.
“Parnassus” is a fresco by Raphael that was commissioned by Pope Julius II to cover the walls of his private Vatican apartments, and it was one of a series of images portraying four main bodies of human knowledge (poetry [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], religion [link widoczny dla zalogowanych], law, and philosophy). The “Pastoral Scene” is a canvas painting whose origin is uncertain since it is unknown whether the artist was Giorgione or Titian. The theme of “Parnassus” is mythological in nature, while “Pastoral Scene” is secular. Both encompass lightheartedness with subjects playing musical instruments.
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