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 Wysłany: Śro 10:24, 08 Gru 2010 Temat postu: Jordans 13 Peaked Cap Worn by the Mi'kmac Adapted |
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The Mi’kmac of Eastern Canada are part of what is known as the Eastern Woodlands. They lead a semi-nomadic existence, changing their diets and locations due to seasonal supplies of what food was available. The Mi’kmac had a rich, diverse, and unique material culture pre-European contact. With European settlements and trade establishing between traders and Mi’kmacs, European goods were quickly incorporated into the Mi’kmac culture. With the advent of trade cloth and beads, the clothing was altered from animal skins, other animal parts, shells, stones and wood. The most dramatic piece of clothing of the Mi’kmac is seen worn by women,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], known as the peaked cap, and made out of trade goods.
The seventeenth and eighteenth centuries was a turning point for the Mi’kmac material culture. The people began to trade with European settlers and their goods quickly became a part of Mi’kmac culture. Instead of fully decorated animal skins,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], men and women began to wear clothing that resembled European clothing styles, but decked out with beads in flowering designs, porcupine quills,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and animal fur tassels to elaborate certain articles of clothing. Metal sewing tools were in high demand by Mi’kmac women, since they were the ones who were in charge of clothes making. Archaeologist and Ethnographic findings have proven that the idea of the peaked cap began to surface at this time of early European trade. In the late nineteenth century an Ethnographer by the name of George Creed began tracing petroglyphs all over Mi’kmac territory, showing images of what is known as peaked caps with many types of decoration. These petroglyphs are said to be carved during the eighteenth century. The images always show the distinctive triangular cap with distinctive Mi’kmac beading designs.
By the late nineteenth and twentieth centuries, all tribal clothing was considered ceremonial clothing, meaning that the clothing was only worn during times of religious significance. At that point, men and women were wearing European style clothing everyday. Women were slower at adapting to more modern clothing, but they eventually switched over, seeing that cloth and pre-made clothing was easier to deal with. When it comes to the peaked caps, the earliest ones were simple in decoration, but with time and practiced skills the hats have become a unique work of craftsmanship. If someone were to look for a peaked cap made today, they would be disappointed. The older generations wear it on occasion, but the younger generations have not kept to the style,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], and this adaptation of clothing is starting to disappear.
Patterns Carved in Stone
Sources:
Feest, Christian F., ed. (2000). The Cultures of Native North America. Cologne, Germany: Konemann Verlagsgesellschaft mbH.Nova Scotia Museum. Info Sheet: The Mi’kmac.Taylor, Colin F., ed. (2003). <e
The origins of the peaked caps are speculated to be connected with the French fur trappers who were trading with the Mi’kmac in the early trade period. The peaked cap, is therefore seen as an adaptation to a French trade good. According to seventeenth century European writers, Mi’kmac women went without a head covering during pre-contact and beginning of the trade period. Aside from the petroglyphs, the pecked cap style was being used at least by the last decade of the eighteenth century. It is constructed by taking two rectangular pieces of dark blue or red cloth with a triangular piece on top of each. Those pieces are bound by sewing ribbon around all the edges, and a band of contrasting red or dark blue cloth on the bottom. Then the whole cap is highly decorated by using small white beads in various patterns. When worn, the highest peak sits at the back of the head, with the hat sloping down to the front. The hat extends down to touch the shoulders of the wearer, and sometimes longer.
French Caps Look Good on Mi’kmac Women
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