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Isabella I of Castile
Isabella and Ferdinand
King Ferdinand of Spain
Sextus IV was appalled at what was happening. He tried to maintain that he had too soon agreed to Ferdinand and Isabella’s terms on 29 Jan 1482. He had thought the Inquisition would continue as it had done during the Middle Ages,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], under the ruling of Bishops. Instead here were Inquisitors abusing their power and the Pope stated that those who had been absolved by a civil court should not be allowed to be apprehended. The Pope almost revoked the terms completely but he was put under heavy political pressure.
On 11 Feb 1482 the Pope ruled that the Inquisitors could remain at their posts but only under a new set of circumstances. They were to give regular notes to the Bishops on their actions,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], no longer keep names secret from the Holy Office and an appeal to the Court of Rome should be allowed. However, Ferdinand of Aragon refused these terms. He wanted to appoint the Inquisitors himself and also deny any appeal to Rome. In 1483 the Pope grudgingly agreed but tried to save face by claiming that those accused could appeal to the Archbishop of Seville instead of to Rome.
Innocent VIII
The Spanish Inquisition A History, Joseph Perez, Profile Books, London,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], 2004
The Inquisition in Aragon
In 1478 the Pope Sextus IV granted the two Catholic sovereigns Isabella of Castile and Ferdinand of Aragon the right to create an Inquisition in the country of Spain. The result was the first Auto de fe on 6 Feb 1481. The Court of Seville turned out to be severe in its rulings. There took place 700 executions from the period 1481-1488 and thousands were sentenced to life imprisonment. Complaints followed for example by Pugler the chronicler and from Juan Ramirez, who claimed that the new Christian converts who had originally been Jews were being punished for their ignorance of the faith. Relatives of those punished turned to the Pope for help.
Sextus IV versus Ferdinand
Annoyed by the Pope’s inaction on Dec 1481 Ferdinand tried to replace the diocesan Inquisitors by his own choice. The Pope reacted angrily on 18 April 1482 by suspending all activities of the Inquisition in Aragon, which lasted until 17 Oct 1483,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], when Sixtus IV let Torquemada be appointed as the supreme head of the Holy Office with authority to choose his own inquisitors.
Reference
Meanwhile, Ferdinand of Aragon wanted the agreement that existed over the Inquisition in Castile to be extended to Aragon also. The Pope was not to keen since there already existed a ‘Medieval Inquisition’ in place who had in 1460-1467 brought fifteen Judaisers to justice by trial in Valencia. There had been an Inquisitor in Barcelona since 1459 and in 1482 heretics had been sentenced in Saragossa. Ferdinand wanted to again give the Spanish civil authorities power over the church ones, who would have the power to appoint magistrates.
In 1484 Sixtus IV died and Innocent VIII became the new Pope. He agreed to everything that the two Spanish sovereigns asked for even going so far as to allow Torquemada that right to receive appeals of the accused in place of them going to the Archbishop of Seville. It was only Bishops who were allowed to appeal to the Court of Rome. In 1488 it was agreed that a successor to Torquemada should be appointed when needed. The Papacy had therefore given Spain the power of the Spanish civil authorities to root out religious heresy. For the first time this was not in the hands of church authorities.
Sextus IV
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