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 Wysłany: Śro 8:56, 20 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: herve leger uk ynv bdw iuju xwc |
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War in the intellectual culture of the mobilization of farmers
【Abstract】 after the outbreak of war, culture, intellectual and consciously take on the responsibility to mobilize the peasants, Mobilization of Farmers intellectual culture, one directly to the rural areas engaged in propaganda and organizational work to the most momentum and the initial resistance is most concentrated; First, democracy is linked with the country, farmers realize the sufferings and aspirations of the peasants, called for the implementation of necessary reforms to encourage farmers to rise, which, especially after 1939, intellectual and cultural concerns into rural areas, the main form of the mobilization of farmers. Mobilization of Farmers rich intellectual and cultural significance of many aspects, they arouse the broad masses of peasants to increase the understanding of reality and the political parties, led to changes in political and social relations, the actual playing of the national and democratic consciousness of the Evangelist, resistance forces mobilizers, and political critics of rural, rural culture, the spokesman for the organizers and the interests of farmers and other multiple roles. Mobilization of rural intellectuals political situation changes and the changes in China, also had a significant impact. Chinese papers League finishing. Abstract title】 War History Key words Anti-Japanese War / intellectuals / rural farmer / social mobilization body】 【 War broke out, and cultural knowledge (Note: This article from the broadest meaning of the concept of the use of intellectual culture, which generally include academics, rural workers, cultural and art workers, educators and young students and other knowledge organizations and individuals, so the concept is in fact the same sense of intellectuals. The article also miscellaneous intellectuals, cultural intellectuals and other words.) community mobilization and consciously take on the responsibility of farmers, intellectuals general call for an instant to a climax. The climax of the 1930 anti-Japanese patriotic, rural peasants and intellectuals focus on three major social events of the times to the theme of national salvation, so that as the pioneer era of the intellectuals and the state's basic forces farmers into graphic in the banner of anti-Japanese patriotic combination constitutes a national war of resistance in the full national liberation and social progress in the double meaning of the spectacle event. On the occasion of commemorating the 60th anniversary of Sino-Japanese War, this historical study, to reproduce intellectuals for national salvation in the deep thinking and conscious undertake, understand national war of resistance against social relations, public psychology and the profound impact democracy, deepen the nation war and wartime history of social groups,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], social relations, research has important value and significance. In view of academic intellectuals in the Communist anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines under the leadership of the activities of more fruitful, so the scope of this paper focuses on the National Unification area. a war broke out, the entire community of farmers in the war relied on the role and status, and rural farmers confusion, indifference and lax reality, an enormous contrast. In the context of national resistance, mobilize and organize farmers Culture intellectuals first rise, consciously assume responsibility to mobilize the peasants of the times. War is a whole nation rose up war of national liberation. According to the Chinese and Japanese military and economic power against a stronger enemy of the actual situation, since the beginning of the war, that the CCP initiative, formed the core of the KMT-CPC cooperation as the anti-Japanese national united front, correctly identified comprehensive and lasting war strategy and tactics to win. Strategy primarily on the basis of this strategy is the inexhaustible stream of China's vast rural areas have the manpower, resources and geographical conditions of the vast enough to become a source of strength for the long-term war, and ultimately overcome the country is small, resource-poor Japan invaders. Therefore, the Chinese peasants were suddenly pushed to relate the history of the important position of national life and death, by the national political parties and all social groups unanimously esteem, the final victory of war consensus. Intellectuals richest national spirit, national pride and sense of democracy, the cause of anti-Japanese national salvation active, showing a precursor and pioneer of group identity. Before the war, with the deepening national crisis, intellectual and cultural shift has significant concerns and aspirations of present trend of rural farmers, and made after the December Ninth Movement After the outbreak of war, cultural intellectuals worried about the fate of the nation and the role of farmers in the war the status of awareness, to reach unprecedented heights. They believe that whether the uprisings of peasants and disrupted the enemy's rear; and the ability of farmers to take part behind the 'recruitment', added the loss of front-line efforts to produce and supply the needs of wartime food, are major factors in deciding the war. So, today we do not want war already putting up resistance to all non-immediate organization of farmers, the majority of the resistance forces to launch non-farmers. , 1938, issue of Life Bookstore, p. 33.) was investigated as a war correspondent in North China's Xu Zhucheng war, the people of North China for the community is spread disunity to say, in the introduction, all particles of iron sand, they have endowed with a strong natural physique, frank disposition, will unite them to organize themselves into a piece of iron will be able to iron desertification to (Note: The cast: intellectual understanding of the role of farmers during the war, not only has thought highly, but also very accurate. Their words, for the correct understanding of the whole society is essential. However, farmers have a great role is one thing, the farmers can play a huge role, is another. The fact is, when the reality of rural farmers, and farmers in the main force in the total resistance and the whole community of farmers in esteem, constitute a very strong contrast. Due to the natural economy of production and living environment,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], resulting in some of the characteristics of farmers and their inherent weaknesses. Farmers the concept of national consciousness and the state is weak, both simple, honest characteristics, more deep-rooted loose, accept their fate, obedience, and apathy of the properties, to mobilize them to become conscious of the strong anti-Japanese forces, no easy task. Full war broke out, the farmers still in the call of unprepared non-scattered and no organized state, does not understand the significance of national war of resistance and resistance and their relationship, though indeed no lack of active support to resist the aggression and the former, but insensitive to those who, panic panic those who wait to die for various reasons and even openly with the enemy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], is also where many have. Battle of Shanghai in August Thirteenth front, many of the urgent mobilization of the army, because the pot to cook and often no time to go hungry all day, no porters to help transport a large number of munitions. Song Xilian and other teachers said that war tip the Japanese, fighting very difficult. When the soldiers in general, compared with the Northern Expedition, that people support the military much less when the Northern Expedition, which is deeply incomprehensible. (Note: beard baby: categories, namely content has to have food, hear the world things are not contented, for the poor and oppressed, especially blaming Heaven to those who cowardly fear of death, with enemy thinking Investigators that the farmers North rut. Traitor much talk about country work, Such status, through cultural intellectuals of the tip of the brush before being disclosed to the whole society. They profoundly that, even in the total resistance of the national cause, under the power of the peasants can not erupt spontaneously, but there is still a full explanation of them, the serious task of mobilizing and organizing. ) who is going to mobilize and organize the farmers? Farmers who will play the role of the contact between the countries, countries need to make up the majority of the scattered farmers gap exists between the fact? Therefore become the urgent from the tough questions. a high degree of self-awareness, the courage to take the time to mobilize and organize farmers task. August 1937, Hu Sheng issued an urgent recommendation to the cultural sector, and immediately spread to the whole of each small cities, small towns to carry out cultural movement in order to improve the nation's war sentiment, all the forces of cohesion of the whole nation, (Note : Hu Sheng: Many intellectuals to mobilize and organize farmers to rural areas, as a war of national liberation personal responsibility. II farmers intellectual and cultural mobilization and total resistance occurred almost simultaneously. Intellectuals to the countryside to go directly involved in the mobilization of farmers to the most momentum and the initial resistance is most concentrated, showing concentration, solidarity, popular and self-discipline, and other distinctive features. And by his passion, knowledge, talent and spirit, contact and moved the majority of farmers, and to enrich the national mobilization depicting the spectacular picture. (A) the time to focus around the Songhu battle, the Battle of North China and Wuhan and other major war campaign, the formation of intellectuals to the countryside to the one climax. Songhu battle started after the intellectuals In Shanghai, many cultural intellectuals, or actively engaged in field service to the theater and farmers in rural areas to mobilize, or support group in Shanghai, all against the enemy launched the War in North China, by the liberation of the Chinese nation Pingjin vanguard of students formed tens of thousands of players around the Shanxi student organizations in exile teams, such as flood flock to rural areas. Wuhan, in particular, will be before the war, the fall of Wuhan to become the southeast coast of China after the war's political center, has become a gathering of intellectual and cultural center, The National Anti prescription for long-term war No. 29 June 1938 publication.) and flared practice. According to Xiao-time estimates of the village, the countryside of intellectuals in the early 1938, three million people have been less than twelve. Therefore, knowledge of molecular events directly to the rural areas, culminating in Wuhan during the campaign. (B) many groups, intellectuals or their organization or participate in government, the army's field service teams around the goal of anti-Japanese national salvation, to join hands in the common struggle in the countryside. By the organizers of social groups, such as Sichuan, Shanghai and Association wartime service groups, in-depth Songjiang, Zhenjiang and rural areas of Henan. By the government, military organizer, for instance, the government has organized a variety of AFS, tour teams, known as Mr Zhang Zhizhong provincial government should be young students, the organization has four thousand young students traveled 75 counties in rural areas, the six-month mobilization and training farmers work; (Note: See: especially young students, were assigned to Mobilization of Farmers township, the famous persons such as Shanxi Ximenghui and the second, ninth, fourth and other theater action committees, have organized a very large deep rural activities. More intellectual or cultural organization of their own. Yan-led civilian education, such as would, in October 1937 launched the They embrace (Note: Xie Shang products: Tour publicity team, in-depth county to do The following year in January, Hubei cultural leaders hole G, the early Tang Min, Ma Zhemin, Meigong Bin sponsoring organizations such as the work of Foundation of Hubei village in wartime, to develop eight briefs, in-depth focus on intellectuals around the country, to awaken the public to support the war. The provinces and cultural support groups against the enemy, salvation and the National Association for arts and culture against the enemy,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], but also intellectuals, under the leading advocate and organizer in rural areas. Intellectual position to another, different sources, different political orientation is more, many of which belong to the two parties and other democratic parties. But they automatically unite and gather under the banner of anti-Japanese national united front,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], not only in mobilizing awareness of the work of the same farmers, but also enthusiastic. training workers, etc., a team of teams to travel to rural areas, we join hands in a bright future for the Chinese nation to fight. p. 24.) In these circumstances, clearly showing that the lofty realm of intellectual and awe-inspiring righteousness, indeed Lingrenganpei. (C) of the rich, pay attention to popular forms, suitable for the actual situation of the rural farmers and spread the concept of national consciousness and the state to raise awareness of the farmers thought and cultural knowledge, inspire enthusiasm of farmers and patriotic spirit of the war, it caused the anti-Japanese winning goal to organize. The mobilization of intellectuals in the countryside, a clear theme, format and lively, both the training of cadres of its activities, organization and other political and military self-defense training, there are lectures, drama, singing, drawing and other anti-Japanese propaganda in the war zone along with refugees resettled in rural areas, field ambulance work in the city there are theoretical works for rural issues, advocacy and literary and artistic creation publications. Rural areas in Jiangxi Province in the East, a mobilization of people said that they Guixi, Kwong Fung month and a half to complete the nine tasks: the schools, units of the singing, drama, comic books for two weeks training; women's wartime knowledge training; set up women's wartime service team; primary teacher conferences; established primary joint publicity team; primary focus on training; advocacy document published 9; issued a Pictorial; publicity will be held once per week. They have also made a farm visit, the preparation of a publicity tour half the countryside and other training. (Note: Zhou Jun fact: and busy. Mobilization in rural areas, drama and songs to be transferred as the national spirit, unite the people emotions, will inspire confidence in the popular style, becoming the most influential and effective weapons. In particular those works created for the farmers in rural areas were immensely popular. Drama performed in various places in most of the repertoire is reflected in the anti-Japanese national salvation reached the surrounding villagers look at four or five thousand Songs as well. An Courage to go join the army, for the country as home. Autumn, the rice play, we play Japan joint. Physically hard, the journey that Yang. (Note: The Yeah people armed to fight the Japanese, Japanese devils can not children fierce ah! War in the end to fight the Japanese Yes, the final victory is us! (Note: Liu Liang-mode: War songs heard. Even the wild side of the hill in the village, there are (Note: Pan Wenyan such as: (D) subjected to suffering, to promote feelings of self-focus in the mobilization of farmers training, displayed great self-discipline. It is a profound illustration of intellectuals to the countryside, do not see themselves as superior foresight, but as something of their own limitations but also have sufficient knowledge, from wake up to themselves but also in rural areas, education and experience in the war exercise. Therefore, the intellectuals, especially young students to the countryside to the process, too, are tempered and growth process. Arduous journey, endure hard work and eat of crude, live simple, as the countryside's routine. More than 10 from Shanghai to Zhejiang-Jiangxi working knowledge of young people in rural areas, said flow of their daily work in the country, the first more than 4 months, through 12 counties, 60 towns, cold and hunger every day to make friends, clothing jacket grass, and most people put us as refugees Several workers have formed a flexible and available to the body. (Note: Zhou Jun fact: In particular, in rural areas, there are intellectuals sacrificed their blood and lives. 1939 years later, the KMT and the implementation of anti-Communist policy and the new counties were made such as strengthening the control of the countryside and gradually back order and stability, medium and large schools have opened to complete the migration and cultural intelligentsia in the Region of the large-scale rural activities to a close, although not interrupt the activities of small-scale, but was fully integrated into the organization and led the government. In the Communist-led anti-Japanese base areas behind enemy lines, and intellectuals to go directly to the rural areas is still in full swing, they more closely with the farmers Combination and Fusion, the entire base behind enemy lines during the war one of the most vivid.
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