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Dołączył: 21 Lut 2011
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 Wysłany: Pią 14:26, 22 Kwi 2011 Temat postu: herve leger toronto rvy oyr sngw lst |
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Landscape Design of Urban Roads
Abstract: The road is the city plays an important role in the space environment, the people of the city often feel the most direct from the streets, so the landscape constitutes a road image of the city has great influence. This article attempts to the role of green from the road, the existing problems, should pay attention to the problems and road construction and other aspects of the landscape and to expand, emphasis on strengthening the road construction, pay attention to road space Art design, is to improve the city function, an effective way to improve urban quality. Keywords: green space; minutes drive belt Introduction Road Green has a long history in our country, our ancestors began in the very early planting trees at the roadside, with the Roads green consciousness. Qin Shi Huang unified the world,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], to command all the streets next to the tree to be planted, local officials in his inspection tour to Zunzhi marching on the road, water poured Street, loess mat Road, planting trees on both sides of the road. Beijing as the capital of six dynasties, mostly built in the Yuan Dynasty as early as when, on the embraced the play,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], blending with the landscape view. Planting trees not only adds to the artistic appeal of the road, the road's rich landscape. Liberation urban road narrow, poor quality roads, although some of the sidewalk width, but few trees,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], only a few a few trees planted on the road, forming the modern sense of the road green shape. After the liberation, with the modern road traffic urban development, especially since the Third Plenum of reform and opening the city's modernization and rapid urban road construction, road greening of new features to meet the requirements of the constant innovation in the development and improvement, there was a green belt and a broad, rich layers, tree-lined narrow lane, landscape diversity, grasses, smooth driving, comfortable, modern pedestrian city roads, forming a multi-row and thick, rich layers of deciduous trees and often combination of trees, green and beautify the combination of urban roads with trees and other greening greening of Beijing road characteristics and features. a road in the Green function in the modern city and a large garden in the role of city is the product of the development of social productive forces, the people living in cities enjoy enjoy the modern brought about by civilization, and at the same time led to the expansion of the city, the urban population density, full of artificial facilities, motor vehicles, growth, natural environment, environmental pollution, man-made those changes, so that the original region carbon and oxygen balance, water balance, heat balance and other factors change. Balance is upset for human survival and development of the negative impact, are increasingly prominently stand out. As science advances, people gradually realize that, to accept the gift of nature at the same time, we must protect the survival of our natural environment. In the city, especially heavy traffic roads, overpasses and intersections, etc. These environmental pollution is more serious, a lot of trees, grow flowers, artificial grass can play to strengthen the role of natural systems, the use of specific green plants absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen function; absorption of harmful substances, reduce air pollution function; dust, sterilization, cooling, humidification, reduced noise, sand-fixing function of ecological benefits, etc., should be to improve urban ecological environment, the fundamental way. Road is the city plays an important role in the space environment, in most cities, the area of the road about a quarter of all land area. kevin Lych in the To layout and along its contact with it. From the relationship between material composition, the way the city can be seen as the As the to boring. important cultural resources, constitute the soul behind the regional elements of cultural representation, the Century Avenue, Pudong, Shanghai, Nanjing Road Pedestrian Street, the Bund Riverside Road Area, Suzhou, the former view are successful examples of pedestrian streets. Therefore, to enhance road construction, pay attention to art and design of road space, the pursuit of Such as the Australian capital, Canberra, the per capita green space 70 m2, after decades of construction, the wide road of eucalyptus forest, shade blocks out the sun, like a huge carpet of grass,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], do not see loess, created fresh air, People can not hear the noise of vehicles, car Fei Shi, dust, not Young. Another example is the Argentine capital of Buenos Aires, clean air on both sides of the ring road planted 120 million trees, built a long 150km, the total area of 80,000 hm2 of the green belt, the city has created an oxygen plant and maintain the air fresh. In the garden city of Singapore, the new high-rise buildings only to 35%, and the remaining land and buildings for the green on the road between the width of the space left over 15m trees, grow flowers, and grass. In terms of streets, roads, cars with points, intersections, pedestrian overpasses, or street trees, pillars are white, speckled with vines, though the busy birds can be heard the voice of cicadas, comfortable and beautiful living environment in . According to observational data, in the city, 40m wide belt can reduce noise by 10 dB for a 15 dB, 4m wide hedge noise can be reduced about 6 dB; according to the determination of the Soviet Union, the trees than the air of dust in the Piazza dust content of air by about 42%; and according to the determination of Beijing, the road of multi-row trees, no trees in the road than the wind speed can be reduced by about 50%. Also, according to Beijing Municipal Institute of Landscape Gardening Zhenyu, Li Tiecheng comrades on the street green less dust and less noise in the initial research on the trunk roads across Beijing and other 18 Sanlihe Road, observing the road, after a lot of data , made the city an ideal center of the width of the road green belt is at least 30ml, for less dust, less noise, less speed have significant results. Above, can initially come to conclusions: urban roads is an important part of modern city, it bears an important function of urban evacuation is necessary modern city infrastructure. Modern roads, road transport to meet the functions, improve roads green landscaping, can play a glare to ease driving fatigue, mood stabilizing mood regulating effect. So, a good garden greening and beautifying the road environment and pleasant scenery, but also an essential feature of modern urban road one. Green Road is the primary means to achieve this functionality. Second, the road landscape composition road landscape composition of two main factors: First, the internal factors, mainly referring to something within the red line the road, according to their function broadly classified into three categories: 1, practicality: the road gate, roadblocks, street lighting, road clock, chairs, telephone booths, mailboxes, trash, bus station kiosks, underground crossings, pedestrian bridges, etc.; 2, the aesthetic: the street trees, flower beds, fountains, outdoor sculptures and other works of art, land art of pavement, etc.; 3, visual communication of: traffic signs, road signs, road signs, posters, floor signs. Second, external factors, mainly refers to the background of construction, road building is the formation of one of the most important factors of space, roads, buildings on both sides of the composition of form, material function, visual perception, and social functions, determine the spatial characteristics of the road ; the same time, form and structure of the building represents a concept and spirit, silently cultivating people's sentiments, such as revolutionaries, Cai said: of right and wrong, there are the emotional impact of the I. Constitute a continuous and buildings along both sides of the interface is to make clear the streets and the whole urban landscape has an identifiable and can be the most powerful intention factors embodied in the streets on both sides of the building height. Facade style, scale, color. Surface materials as well as advertising, location of the sign shop, style, and so on. three road greening existing problems (a) ignore the landscape and the underground pipe network, overhead lines of contradictions. Buried underground pipe network in lots of large trees and shrubs planted on the blind, resulting in reduced plant growth, and even root can not be extended due to absorb the nutrients required for the death of less than; overhead wire in a blind following planting poplar, willow, etc. large trees, because of conflicts have produced thinning tree line, affecting the beautifying effect, is more serious is windy season, a result of thinning is not timely, resulting in lines cut off, harm people's lives and property. (B) one-sided emphasis on green, ignoring the traffic function. Tree planted on the sidewalk is not a compact shrub,[link widoczny dla zalogowanych], of walking or cycling; minutes by car in a narrow belt close planting large trees and shrubs to block the traffic view. At the roundabout, and this contradiction is more prominent. (C) design in the form monotonous and too closed. Fits primary and secondary roads, no features, no innovation, lack of vigor and vitality. Points on both sides of car with high railings, road congestion appears to affect the city. (D) of the blind selection of exotic plant species. Only the immediate effect, without considering the long-term interests. Without the introduction and domestication of the exotic selection of plant varieties, the results not meet the local ecological environment due to the gradual death. Not only cause economic loss, but the overall effect of Greening.
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